Nickel Release from Euro and Polish Coins: a Health Risk?
نویسندگان
چکیده
The role of contact with nickel-containing coins has been controversial. The aim of our study was to compare the release of nickel from Euro (1 and 2) coins and from Polish coins (2 PLN and 5 PLN) at 4oC and 32oC in an immersion test using artificial sweat according to the EU reference method. Nickel extract was analyzed at 8 time points starting from 1 h up to 168 h. After 7 days of test duration at 32oC, nickel ion concentration was 96.27±4.01 μg/cm, 79.31±1.95 μg/cm, 38.34±1.19 μg/cm, and 32.17±2.36 μg/cm for 2 Euro, 1 Euro, 5 PLN, and 2 PLN, respectively. The amount of nickel ion released at 4oC was reduced by about 70% and 40% for Euro and Polish coins, respectively. These values exceed the limit acceptable for prolonged contact with human skin as defined by the EU Nickel Directive, which indicates that nickel may be capable of eliciting allergic reactions in subjects handling nickel-containing coins daily.
منابع مشابه
Contamination by nickel, copper and zinc during the handling of euro coins.
The introduction of the euro has revived interest in the risk of nickel allergy due to the handling of coins. In the present work, the transfer of metallic contamination during the manipulation of coins is examined by means of leaching experiments and manipulation tests. It is shown that pre-existing metallic species present on the surface of the coins are the major source of contamination duri...
متن کاملThe role of nickel allergy in hand dermatitis and its impact on handling cupronickel currency coins. A comparative cohort study from Kuwait
INTRODUCTION Contact with nickel-releasing coins as a cause of hand dermatitis has been debated. AIM Studying a hand dermatitis risk from handling Kuwaiti cupronickel coins among nickel-allergic and nickel non-allergic subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred hand dermatitis patients (group I: nickel-allergic) and 100 matched patients (group II: nickel non-allergic) were selected from ove...
متن کاملEffects of gastric acid on euro coins: chemical reaction and radiographic appearance after ingestion by infants and children.
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether coins of the new European currency (euro) corrode when they are exposed to gastric acid, and whether this change can be detected radiographically. METHODS The eight different denominations of coins were immersed for seven days in 0.15 N hydrochloride acid (HCl), which corresponds to the level of post-prandial gastric acid. A Swedish crown coin and th...
متن کاملNickel-plated steel coins: the risk to the nickel-allergic public needs wider consideration.
متن کامل
The Euro Diffusion Project
From 1st January 2002 we have the unique possibility to follow the spread of national euro coins over the different European countries. We model and analyse this movement and estimate the time it will take before on average half the coins in our wallet will be foreign.
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010